Originally trained in traditional Chinese painting, Wesley Tongson experimented with splashed ink, finger painting, and other techniques that de-emphasise brushwork under the infl uences of Zen Buddhism and the abstract ink paintings of Liu Kuo-sung. Although the lines and splotches in this landscape possess the fl uency of brushwork, they were in fact applied with fingers, fingernails, and other parts of the hand. Tongson distils mountains, clouds, and waves into their essential forms of pure energy, suggesting an unmediated spiritual communion with nature.