Inventor and philosopher R. Buckminster Fuller dedicated his life to exploring prefabricated and lightweight structural systems, which he believed would be key to sustainable human development in the future. He concluded that a sphere made of triangular panels would have the maximum strength and spatial efficiency, and most famously expressed this concept in geodesic domes. Fuller created Complex of Jitterbugs, each triangular unit of which can expand and retract with the turn of a dial, in order to challenge the idea that architecture must be solid and static. This concept of dynamic architecture influenced a range of later practices and was essential to Fuller’s work to conceive of buildings and cities as reconfigurable units that respond to change.
R. Buckminster Fuller (American, 1895-1983) was an architect, theorist, and futurist who made an enormous impact on the design, architecture, popular culture, and social discourse of the 20th century. Driven in large part by environmental and social concerns, Fuller, who coined the term "Spaceship Earth," was a progressive who promoted technology and human ingenuity as solutions to human problems. While he is most widely remembered as the inventor of the geodesic dome, Fuller's other well-known creations include his affordable, mass-produced, energy-efficient, and easily transportable Dymaxion House; the aerodynamic Dymaxion Car; and the World Game, which promoted a democratic, global, and design science approach to addressing the problems of the world. In addition to these and other proposals, Fuller proved highly influential to generations of designers and thinkers as both an author and educator.